Wild Rose

There are over 35 different species of wild roses that are indigenous to North America (Belacourt, p. 61).  They're usually 2-6 feet (.6-1.8 m) tall whose twigs have very sharp thorns.  The bark grows green and turns reddish brown with age.  Its leaves are small, toothed, and alternating in groups of 5-7 leaflets.  Usually the flowers are pink, blooming May - August.  In July after the petals fall away you'll see a green bud that eventually turns red, which is called a "rose hip".  The rosehips will stay on the bush throughout the winter. (Macphail Woods, 2019)

Rose hips are a winter food for birds and mammals such as waxwings, pine grosbeaks, grouse, rabbits, coyotes and skunks. 

Some types of wild rose prefer drier ground (like Carolina or pasture rose, Rosa carolina), and others tolerate wetter areas (like Virginia rose, Rosa virginiana).  Both of these species grow best in full sun and will not tolerate much shading.  Wild roses can form a pretty dense colony by spreading its roots and underground stems.  (Macphail Woods, 2019)

 

 

Wild rose may be most famous for its high Vitamin C content.  Rosehips can be used to treat scurvy, numerous infections and to promote digestion.  They contain antioxidants and zinc. (Canadian Wildlife Federation, 2019)

Rosehips also help with blood.  They can treat anemia because of thier richness in minerals and may also stimulate red blood cell production.  Rosehips also treat menstrual cramps, heart circulatory system, hemorrhoids, varicose veins, and cold hands and feet.  This is because rosehips are antispasmodic and contain bioflavonoids which can help strengthen capilliaries (tiny blood vessels). Rose petal water can similarly help with symptoms of PMS and menopause (Gray, p. 146)

When rose petals appear in the summer, you can use them as a "bush bandage" to remove the heat from cuts, scrapes, and bug bites. The petals also help to stop inflammation.  The petals can also help keep skin moisturized and fight acne (Gray, p. 146-7)

The roots have been used in a traditional Indigenous ointment for sore eyes. (Canadian Wildlife Federation, 2019)

Roots have been used to remedy colds and fevers, and to treat diarrhea and liver and stomach problems, or in a gargle to stop mouth bleeding and to treat sore throats (Belacourt, p. 61)

Rose hips can be used in baking and in puddings, and their pectin has been used as a thickener. Some species are fleshier than others.  (Canadian Wildlife Federation, 2019).  They can also be made into jams, jellies, vinegars and syrups.  Have you seen our version of Rosehip Jelly?

Rose petals and leaves are edible and can be sprinkled into salads.   Candied rose petals are also beautiful and yummy for decorating cakes.  But, remove the white base of the petals because that part can be bitter.  (Canadian Wildlife Federation, 2019)

Wild Rose also has ceremonial use. ("Alberta Wild Rose", n.d.)