Gooseberry (Wild)
nêhiyawêwin (Cree): sâpomin ("bitter berry")<br/> Latin: <i>Ribes hirtellum</i> (wild gooseberry), <i>Ribes uva-crispa</i> (European gooseberry), <i>Ribes oxyacanthoides</i> (northern gooseberry)<br/>
(Banner Image) Farmers' Almanac (2019)
Description
Stiff, spiny, deciduous shrub is native to central Europe and North America. It grows about 3 ft (1m) tall, with upright canes and small green leaves held at stiff angles from the stems. This species rarely fruits well in frost-free climates. There are many cultivars in a variety of sizes and shapes, bearing green, russet green or yellow green fruits.
Prickly Gooseberry (Ribes cynosbati) has smooth stems, with 1-2 weak prickles at nodes, berries covered with prickles, whereas wild Gooseberry (Ribes hirtellum) has smooth stems with 1-2 spines at leaf nodes, berries lack prickles.
Gooseberries (Ribes family) are related to Wild Black Currant (Ribes americanum).
Food
Gooseberries are nutritious, low-calorie fruits that are rich in vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. Though research on gooseberries specifically is limited, many of the nutrients in these berries have been linked to significant health benefits. These include lower blood sugar, cholesterol, and blood pressure levels, as well as a reduced risk of cancer, diabetes, heart disease, and age-related illnesses of the brain.
Medicine
To treat a delayed menstrual period, boil the root into a drink (Dene Elder, published in Marles et al, p. 199).
The stem can also be boiled into tea to stop bleeding for mothers after childbirth (Métis Elder, published in Marles et al, p. 199), or mixed with other plants to teat sickness after childbirth (Leighton, 1985, as cited in Marles et al, 2012).
References
Brown, D. A. (1978). The encyclopedia botanica : the definitive guide to indoor blossoming and foliage plants. Dial Press.
Dene Elder, Black Lake, Saskatchewan. Interviewed 1980-82, published in Marles et al., 2012.
Dziuk, P. M. (2013). "Prickly Gooseberry habitat in early spring". [Digital image]. Minnesota Wildflowers: A field guide to the flora of Minnesota. Retrieved from https://www.minnesotawildflowers.info/shrub/prickly-gooseberry
Farmers' Almanac. "20 Wild Edible Plants". Retrieved from https://www.farmersalmanac.com/20-common-wild-edible-plants-24920 (Accessed Dec. 2019)
Farmers' Almanac. Wild Gooseberries. Digital Image. Retrieved from https://www.farmersalmanac.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/Gooseberry-Ribes-spp-i87435639.jpg (Accessed Dec. 2019)
Marles, R. J., Clavelle, C., Monteleone, L., Tays, N., and Burns, D. (2012). Aboriginal Plant Use in Canada's Northwest Boreal Forest. Edmonton, AB: Natural Resources Canada.
Mandl, E. (2019, July 8). "8 Impressive Health Benefits of Gooseberries". Healthline. Retrieved from https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/gooseberries#section9 (Accessed Dec. 2019)
Métis Elder, Elizabeth Métis Settlement, Alberta. Interviewed 1994, published in Marles et al., 2012.
Muma, W. (n.d.) Ontario Trees & Shrubs: Wild Gooseberry: Ribes hirtellum. Retrieved from http://ontariotrees.com/main/species.php?id=2043 (Accessed Dec. 2019)
Thomé, O. W. (1885). Ribes grassularia L. [Digital Image, Public Domain]. Retrieved from Wikimedia Commons, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Illustration_Ribes_uva-crispa0.jpg (Accessed December 2019).